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1 Davenport, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 9 July 1802 Williamstown, Vermont, USAd. 6 July 1851 Salisbury, Vermont, USA[br]American craftsman and inventor who constructed the first rotating electrical machines in the United States.[br]When he was 14 years old Davenport was apprenticed to a blacksmith for seven years. At the close of his apprenticeship in 1823 he opened a blacksmith's shop in Brandon, Vermont. He began experimenting with electromagnets after observing one in use at the Penfield Iron Works at Crown Point, New York, in 1831. He saw the device as a possible source of power and by July 1834 had constructed his first electric motor. Having totally abandoned his regular business, Davenport built and exhibited a number of miniature machines; he utilized an electric motor to propel a model car around a circular track in 1836, and this became the first recorded instance of an electric railway. An application for a patent and a model were destroyed in a fire at the United States Patent Office in December 1836, but a second application was made and Davenport received a patent the following year for Improvements in Propelling Machinery by Magnetism and Electromagnetism. A British patent was also obtained. A workshop and laboratory were established in New York, but Davenport had little financial backing for his experiments. He built a total of over one hundred motors but was defeated by the inability to obtain an inexpensive source of power. Using an electric motor of his own design to operate a printing press in 1840, he undertook the publication of a journal, The Electromagnet and Mechanics' Intelligencer. This was the first American periodical on electricity, but it was discontinued after a few issues. In failing health he retired to Vermont where in the last year of his life he continued experiments in electromagnetism.[br]Bibliography1837, US patent no. 132, "Improvements in Propelling Machinery by Magnetism and Electromagnetism".6 June 1837 British patent no. 7,386.Further ReadingF.L.Pope, 1891, "Inventors of the electric motor with special reference to the work of Thomas Davenport", Electrical Engineer, 11:1–5, 33–9, 65–71, 93–8, 125–30 (the most comprehensive account).Annals of Electricity (1838) 2:257–64 (provides a description of Davenport's motor).W.J.King, 1962, The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 28, pp. 263–4 (a short account).GW -
2 Davenport, Thomas
(1802-1851) Давенпорт, ТомасКузнец; увлекался электромагнитами (новинкой тех лет), в 1834 изобрел электромотор с вращающимся ротором. В последние годы жизни изобрел электрическую пианолу [player piano]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Davenport, Thomas
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3 Electricity
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4 under
under ['ʌndə(r)]sous ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (d)-(g) moins de ⇒ 1 (b) au-dessous de ⇒ 1 (b) sous le poids de ⇒ 1 (c) conformément à ⇒ 1 (h) en cours de ⇒ 1 (i) dessous ⇒ 2 (a)(a) (beneath, below) sous;∎ the newspaper was under the chair/cushion le journal était sous la chaise/le coussin;∎ the pantry is under the stairs le garde-manger est sous l'escalier;∎ I can't see anything under it je ne vois rien (en) dessous;∎ put it under that mettez-le là-dessous;∎ there is a coat of paint under the wallpaper il y a une couche de peinture sous le papier peint;∎ the body was lying under a sheet le cadavre était étendu sous un drap;∎ he wore a white shirt under his jacket il portait une chemise blanche sous sa veste;∎ he pulled a wallet from under his jersey il a sorti un portefeuille de sous son pull;∎ he was carrying a paper under his arm il portait un journal sous le bras;∎ hold your hand under the tap mettez votre main sous le robinet;∎ stand under my umbrella mettez-vous sous mon parapluie;∎ we took shelter under a tree nous nous sommes abrités sous un arbre;∎ to be born under Aries/Leo être né sous le signe du Bélier/du Lion;∎ it can only be seen under a microscope on ne peut le voir qu'au microscope;∎ we had to crawl under the barbed wire on a dû passer sous les barbelés en rampant;∎ you have to crawl under it il faut ramper dessous;∎ the tunnel ran under the sea le tunnel passait sous la mer;∎ she was swimming under water/under the bridge elle nageait sous l'eau/sous le pont;∎ it's unlucky to walk under a ladder ça porte malheur de passer sous une échelle(b) (less than) moins de, au-dessous de;∎ under £7,000 moins de 7000 livres;∎ everything is under £5 tout est à moins de 5 livres;∎ is she under 16? est-ce qu'elle a moins de 16 ans?;∎ children under ten les enfants au-dessous ou de moins de dix ans;∎ in under ten minutes en moins de dix minutes(c) (weighed down by) sous le poids de;∎ he staggered under his heavy load il chancelait sous le poids de son lourd chargement;∎ figurative to sink under the weight of one's debts sombrer sous le poids de ses dettes(d) (indicating conditions or circumstances) sous, dans;∎ we had to work under appalling conditions on a dû travailler dans des conditions épouvantables;∎ she was murdered under strange circumstances elle a été tuée dans d'étranges circonstances;∎ under the circumstances vu les circonstances(e) (subject to) sous;∎ under duress/threat sous la contrainte/la menace∎ under sedation/treatment sous calmants/traitement(g) (directed, governed by) sous (la direction de);∎ he studied under Fox il a été l'élève de Fox;∎ she has two assistants under her elle a deux assistants sous ses ordres;∎ Music the Bristol Chamber Orchestra under Martin Davenport l'orchestre de (musique de) chambre de Bristol sous la direction de Martin Davenport;∎ I served under General White j'ai servi sous le général White;∎ the book describes Uganda under Amin le livre décrit l'Ouganda sous (le régime d')Amin Dada;∎ to come under (the authority of) the Home Office relever du ministère de l'Intérieur;∎ under her management, the firm prospered sous sa direction, l'entreprise a prospéré;∎ under fascism, many groups were outlawed sous le régime fasciste, de nombreux groupes furent interdits(h) (according to) conformément à, en vertu de, selon;∎ under the new law, all this will change avec la nouvelle loi, tout cela va changer;∎ under the new law, elections will be held every four years en vertu de ou selon la nouvelle loi, les élections auront lieu tous les quatre ans;∎ under the Emergency Powers Act conformément à la loi instituant l'état d'urgence;∎ under this system, the President has little real power dans ce système, le Président a peu de pouvoir véritable;∎ under (the terms of) his will/the agreement selon (les termes de) son testament/l'accord(i) (in the process of) en cours de;∎ under construction en cours de construction;∎ the matter is under consideration/discussion on est en train d'étudier/de discuter la question∎ under wheat/barley en blé/orge∎ you'll find the book under philosophy vous trouverez le livre sous la rubrique philosophie;∎ you'll find my number under Magee vous trouverez mon numéro sous Magee;∎ she writes under the name of Heidi Croft elle écrit sous le nom de Heidi Croft;∎ few singers perform under their own name peu de chanteurs gardent leur vrai nom2 adverb(a) (below ground, water, door etc)∎ to slide or to slip under se glisser dessous;∎ to pass under passer dessous;∎ to stay under (under water) rester sous l'eau(c) (less → in age, price)∎ you have to be 16 or under to enter il faut avoir 16 ans ou moins pour se présenter;∎ items at £20 and under des articles à 20 livres et au-dessous -
5 Page, Charles Grafton
[br]b. 25 January 1812 Salem, Massachusetts, USAd. 5 May 1868 Washington, DC, USA[br]American scientist and inventor of electric motors.[br]Page graduated from Harvard in 1832 and subsequently attended Boston Medical School. He began to practise in Salem and also engaged in experimental research in electricity, discovering the improvement effected by substituting bundles of iron wire for solid bars in induction coils. He also created a device which he termed a Dynamic Multiplier, the prototype of the auto-transformer. Following a period in medical practice in Virginia, in 1841 he became one of the first two principal examiners in the United States Patent Office. He also held the Chair of Chemistry and Pharmacy at Columbian College, later George Washington University, between 1844 and 1849.A prolific inventor, Page completed several large electric motors in which reciprocating action was converted to rotary motion, and invested an extravagant sum of public money in a foredoomed effort to develop a 10-ton electric locomotive powered by primary batteries. This was unsuccessfully demonstrated in April 1851 on the Washington-Baltimore railway and seriously damaged his reputation. Page approached Thomas Davenport with an offer of partnership, but Davenport refused.After leaving the Patent Office in 1852 he became a patentee himself and advocated the reform of the patent procedures. Page returned to the Patent Office in 1861, and later persuaded Congress to pass a special Act permitting him to patent the induction coil. This was the cause, after his death, of protracted and widely publicized litigation.[br]Bibliography1867, History of Induction: The American Claim to the Induction Coil and itsElectrostatic Developments, Washington, DC.Further ReadingR.C.Post, 1976, Physics, Patents and Politics, New York (a biography which treats Page as a focal point for studying the American patent system).——1976, "Stray sparks from the induction coil: the Volta prize and the Page patent", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers 64: 1,279–86 (a short account).W.J.King, 1962, The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 28.GW -
6 BPR
- реинжиниринг бизнес-процессов
- повышение температуры кипения
- компенсирующий стержень с выгорающим поглотителем ядерного реактора
компенсирующий стержень с выгорающим поглотителем ядерного реактора
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[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
повышение температуры кипения
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[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
реинжиниринг бизнес-процессов
BPR - это технология фундаментального переосмысления и радикального перепроектирования бизнес-процессов предприятия, которое необходимо для того, чтобы достичь коренных улучшений в ключевых показателях деятельности организации.
Существуют как минимум два основных подхода к реинжинирингу бизнес-процессов:
1. "Революционный", по М. Хаммеру, когда происходит резкая и довольно болезненная ломка всего старого механизма (способа ведения бизнеса, организационной структуры, внутренней культуры предприятия) и внедрение нового.
2. "Эволюционный", по Томасу Х. Дэвенпорту (Thomas H. Davenport), являющийся комбинацией реинжиниринга с методами постепенного улучшения качества процессов (см. CPI). Большое внимание уделяется вопросам управления изменениями (на основе концепции "управления проектами"). В результате процесс перемен сопряжен с меньшим риском. Данный подход стал приоритетным для государственных учреждений и организаций США.
В больших, комплексных проектах обычно применяется смешанный подход к реинжинирингу.
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > BPR
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7 Business Process Reengineering
реинжиниринг бизнес-процессов
BPR - это технология фундаментального переосмысления и радикального перепроектирования бизнес-процессов предприятия, которое необходимо для того, чтобы достичь коренных улучшений в ключевых показателях деятельности организации.
Существуют как минимум два основных подхода к реинжинирингу бизнес-процессов:
1. "Революционный", по М. Хаммеру, когда происходит резкая и довольно болезненная ломка всего старого механизма (способа ведения бизнеса, организационной структуры, внутренней культуры предприятия) и внедрение нового.
2. "Эволюционный", по Томасу Х. Дэвенпорту (Thomas H. Davenport), являющийся комбинацией реинжиниринга с методами постепенного улучшения качества процессов (см. CPI). Большое внимание уделяется вопросам управления изменениями (на основе концепции "управления проектами"). В результате процесс перемен сопряжен с меньшим риском. Данный подход стал приоритетным для государственных учреждений и организаций США.
В больших, комплексных проектах обычно применяется смешанный подход к реинжинирингу.
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Business Process Reengineering
См. также в других словарях:
Davenport, Thomas — ▪ American inventor born July 9, 1802, Williamstown, Vt., U.S. died July 6, 1851, Salisbury, Vt. American inventor of what was probably the first commercially successful electric motor, which he used with great ingenuity to power a number… … Universalium
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